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The Bombing of Dresden: When the German city of Dresden was Reduced to Rubble in the Final Winter of WWII

Before World War II Dresden was known as ‘The Florence of Elbe’ because of its magnificent beauty and architecture. It had many beautiful and historic palaces, cathedrals, baroque and rococo style buildings. Dresden’s contribution to war efforts was very minimal as compared to other German cities, but the allies and Red Army made no exceptions. When the war was ended, Dresden was in ruins, all its buildings destroyed, and thousands of civilians were dead.

As the Red Army became stronger and they captured city after city, Hitler used his full force to defend Berlin. The Russians faced very minimal resistance while capturing the city. Dresden was targeted with ‘Saturation bombing’, in which the industry and civilian portions of cities are obliterated along with troop areas. Such attacks, Allied command reasoned, would ravage the German economy, break the morale of the German people, and force an early surrender.

On the night of February 13, 1945, the Royal Air Force bombers dropped thousands of bombs in just a few hours. Dresden’s defenses were so weak that only six Lancaster bombers were shot down and by the morning the RAF bombers had dropped more than 14,00 tons of high-explosive bombs and more than 1,100 tons of incendiaries on Dresden. This attack destroyed most of Dresden’s infrastructure and killed thousands of people.

Later that day when the survivors made their way out of the smoldering city, the U.S. air force began bombing on Dresden’s roads, bridges, railways, and homes and killed thousands more. On February 15, another 200 U.S. bombers continued their assault on Dresden. The U.S. drooped 950 tons of high-explosive bombs and more than 290 tons of incendiaries during that day. Later the Eighth Air Force would drop 2,800 more tons of bombs on Dresden in three other attacks before the war’s end.

When the war was ended investigators and reporters from different countries visited Dresden and they estimated the death toll from between 10,000 to 200,000. The city was so badly damaged and all the historic buildings and landmarks had been destroyed in the ruthless airstrikes. The bombing methods used by the Allied were to encourage the destruction of buildings: the high explosive bombs first exposed the wood frames of buildings, then the incendiary bombs ignited the wood, and finally followed by various explosives to hamper the firefighting efforts.

Here below are some historical photos that depict the destruction and reconstruction of Dresden during and after World War II. Also, check the reconstruction of Dresden after World War II.

#2 A pile of bodies awaits cremation after the firebombing of Dresden, February 1945.

#3 Theodor Rosenhauer in the midst of ruins in Dresden working on his oil painting “View of the Japanese Palace after the Bombing”.

#5 Dresden in ruins after Allied bombings, February 1945.

#6 Over ninety percent of the city center was destroyed.

#7 The destruction of the city provoked unease in intellectual circles in Britain.

The destruction of the city provoked unease in intellectual circles in Britain.

According to Max Hastings, by February 1945, attacks upon German cities had become largely irrelevant to the outcome of the war and the name of Dresden resonated with cultured people all over Europe.

#8 A general view of the a panorama display depicting the city of Dresden in the aftermath of the 1945 Allied firebombing.

#12 The attack had been prompted by Dresden’s position as a significant hub for both transport and industry.

#13 The explosive force created a firestorm, at a temperature above 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

#14 A provisional scrap yard with wrecked vehicles in front of the ruins of the exhibition palace in the Stübelallee in Dresden.

#15 An advertising column with the remains of a Nazi poster which says “pst – Feind hört mit!”, 1945.

#16 Residents of Dresden line up for a streetcar amid the ruins of the city.

#17 The ruins of buildings in the city of Dresden after firebombing raids, 1945.

#18 Town Hall tower over destroyed houses to the Annenkirche in Dresden, 1945.

#19 Ruins of the Dresden Frauenkirche. In the background is the dome of the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, 1945.

#20 Town Hall tower overlooking destroyed apartment buildings, 1945.

#21 Trümmerbahn (rubble train) in the Schloßstraße in front of the destroyed Dresden Castle with the Hausmannsturm, 1945.

#22 The Carl Maria von Weber monument (right), the Theatre Square and the ruins of the Dresden Cathedral (left) and the Dresden Castle with Hausmannsturm.

#23 Bodies in the street after the allied fire bombing of Dresden, 1945.

#24 The ruins of the Church Notre-Dame in Dresden, Gdr, After Anglo-American Bombings in February Of 1945.

#25 Heap of rubble of the church of the Three Kings’ interior after the violent allied bombing of February 13 and 14.

#26 Dead bodies lie in a street in Dresden after a bombing raid on the city.

#27 Cremation of dead bodies in the center of the city, 1945.

#29 In the heap of rubble of the city centre, some soldiers unload from two carts the bodies of some victims of the violent bombing of the allied forces of February 13 and 14.

#30 The bodies of two girls are laid out on the pavement. 25th February 1945.

#31 Bodies are burned at the Altmarkt near the Victory Monument (Germaniadenkmal). 25th February 1945.

#32 Dresden city centre, the area around Pirnaischer Platz, 1945.

#33 The ruin of the Zionskirche in the Nürnberger Straße in Dresden, 1945.

#34 The Josephinenstraße with a cleared sidewalk in viewing towards the Vitzhumsches Gymnasium (High School) in Dresden.

#35 The destroyed Luther memorial in front of the ruins of the Dresden Frauenkirche in Dresden, 1945.

#36 The ruins of the Dresden City Art Gallery in the Lennéstraße. The photo was taken after 17 September 1945.

#37 The Old Market in Dresden with the destroyed Germania monument, 17 September 1945.

#38 The terrain of the Deutsche Reichsbahn in Dresden with destroyed locomotives and track installations, 1945.

#39 A gas lamp at a facade piece of a destroyed building in the Josephinenstraße in Dresden.

#40 View from South West to the ruins of the New City Hall in Dresden, 17 September 1945.

#41 Masses of rubble surrounded by ruins in Dresden, 17 September 1945.

#42 The ruins of the graphic buildings in the Lindenaustraße no 11.

#43 View from the Town Hall Tower over the destroyed city of Dresden towards Southwest.

#44 The Gänsediebbrunnen with a bronze figure by artist Robert Dietz on the Ferdinandplatz in Dresden, 1945.

#45 The ruins of the Vitzthumsch High School in the Josephinenstraße in Dresden.

#46 The ruin of the Stallhof (Stall Courtyard) at the Dresden Castle with the Hausmannsturm.

#47 The destructions on the Altmarkt in Dresden with the damaged victory monument.

#48 The Main Hall in the ruins of the New Town Hall in Dresden.

#49 A deceased body with a gas mask and a steel helmet in an air-raid shelter in Dresden

#50 A statue of Martin Luther lies toppled in front of the ruins of the Frauenkirche. 1945.

#51 The ruins of the Frauenkirche and the dome of the Kunstakademie.

#52 The ruin of the Jakobikirche in Dresden, 17 September 1945.

#53 The smoke from fires still burning drifted across Dresden on February 14, 1945.

The smoke from fires still burning drifted across Dresden on February 14, 1945.

On the night of February 13 and the morning of February 14, 1945, Lancasters of R.A.F. Bomber Command made two very heavy attacks on Dresden, Germany. Heavy bombers of the U.S. 8th Air Force attacked this target the following day.

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Written by Benjamin Grayson

Former Bouquet seller now making a go with blogging and graphic designing. I love creating & composing history articles and lists.

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