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What Houston looked like at the Turn of the 20th Century

The first decade of the 20th century was a period of significant growth and development for Houston, setting the stage for its transformation into a major urban center in the United States. This era, from 1900 to 1909, was characterized by economic diversification, infrastructural advancements, and the beginnings of the city’s role as a key player in the emerging oil industry.

Post-Galveston Hurricane and its Impact on Houston

The decade began in the aftermath of the devastating 1900 Galveston Hurricane, the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history at the time. This tragedy indirectly benefited Houston, as many saw the inland city as a safer location for investment and development. Efforts to rebuild the region included strengthening Houston’s infrastructure and establishing it as a safer, more viable port than Galveston, which had been the region’s leading port before the hurricane.

Economic Growth and the Rise of the Oil Industry

The discovery of oil at Spindletop near Beaumont in 1901 had a profound impact on Houston’s economy. Although the initial discovery was closer to Beaumont, Houston’s strategic position with its railroads and port facilities made it a natural hub for the burgeoning oil industry. This period saw the city’s first steps towards becoming the energy capital of the world, with businesses related to oil production, refining, and shipping starting to take root in the city.

Development of the Houston Ship Channel

Recognizing the need for a more effective transport route for the growing trade and oil industries, efforts to improve and expand the Houston Ship Channel gained momentum. Although major dredging and widening efforts would not be completed until later, the early 1900s saw significant planning and initial enhancements to the channel. This project aimed to transform Buffalo Bayou into a navigable waterway, crucial for moving goods and materials in and out of Houston.

#6 City Hall and Market House, Houston, designed by George E. Dickey, 1904.

#9 Main Street south view from Congress Avenue, Houston, 1900.

#10 Baptism in Buffalo Bayou, African American spectators, 1900.

#12 Grand Central Station Rail Depot street scene, Houston, 1900

#13 City Hall and Market House, Travis Street, Houston, designed by George E. Dickey, 1904.

#15 Sulphur plant scene with people and excavator, 1900s

#19 Railroad freight car at J. C. Carpenter Fig Company, 1909.

#20 Harris Masterson house with maze garden, Houston, circa 1900s.

#21 Greenwood Sanitarium for Nervous and Mental Diseases, Houston, 1900s.

#22 Parade with President Taft, Houston, October 23, 1909.

#23 Main Street parade with Houston Light Guard, 1900.

#25 “Auntie” Jordan with milk cow at Frank Lee Berry house, Houston, 1908.

#27 Annunciation Catholic Church, Houston, circa 1900s.

#28 Cotton Exchange building in Houston, circa 1900s.

#31 Albert A. Van Alstyne-John F. Dickson house in Houston, circa 1900s.

#34 Ellington Field airplane crowd, Houston, circa 1900s.

#37 Cesar Maurice Lombardi house, Houston, circa 1900s.

#38 Hugh Waddell house and garden, Houston, circa 1900s.

#43 Josiah F. Crosby — James Bute house, Houston, circa 1900s.

#44 E. J. Matreus & Co. building, Houston, circa 1900s.

#45 Fisher Electric Railway street scene, Houston, circa 1900s.

#46 Jedidiah Porter Waldo house and garden, Houston, circa 1900s.

#48 William Henry Palmer house, Houston, circa 1900s.

#50 Max Urwitz old home before Stewart Building construction, 1900s.

#51 Demolition of Shearn M. E. Church for Chronicle Building, 1900s.

#54 Corner of Preston and Main Streets, Houston, 1906.

#55 San Jacinto Battle Grounds Recreation House, 1900s

#56 New Harris County Courthouse with early automobiles and horse-drawn buggies, 1900s.

#57 Hudie yacht underway in Buffalo Bayou, Houston, 1906.

#59 First National Bank and adjacent old House Bank, 1902.

#60 Texas A&M Corps of Cadets parade, Houston, November 1909.

#63 Band and Corps Cadets at A. & M. College of Texas, Bryan, 1909.

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Written by Kevin Clark

Kevin Clark is a historian and writer who is passionate about sharing the stories and significance behind historical photos. He loves to explore hidden histories and cultural contexts behind the images, providing a unique insight into the past.

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