On April 13, 1949, an earthquake measuring 7.1 magnitudes occurred in Western Washington between Olympia and Tacoma in the early morning hours. It is the largest earthquake ever recorded in Washington’s Puget Sound region. At least eight people were killed and 64 injured, with a total damage estimate of $25 million. The earthquake damaged eight buildings on the State Capital campus and the Old Capitol Building in downtown Olympia. Two men were injured when a 23-ton cradle fell 500 feet from the Tacoma Narrows Bridge’s east tower. After the earthquake, geysers erupted along the railroad tracks in the Tacoma tidal flats and Puyallup.
The earthquake affected all of Washington state, northwest Oregon, and south along its coast to Cape Blanco, southwest British Columbia, the north Idaho panhandle, and even northwest Montana. The most damage occurred from Seattle to Chehalis, located approximately 80 miles south of Seattle. Chehalis’ business and residential buildings, including 1,351 chimneys, were damaged to the tune of forty percent. Approximately 10,000 chimneys in Western Washington need to be repaired. A large spit of land jutted into Puget Sound north of Olympia. The earthquake in Portland caused rockslides and cracks in building walls. The roofs collapsed, and merchandise fell off the shelves.
Below are some historical photos that depict the destruction caused by the 949 Olympia Earthquake.
#1 Washington Veneer after 1949 earthquake
At the center of the image we can see a shed and the base of the brick smokestack. Two vehicles are parked in front of and at the side of the building. Rubble is strewn on the ground and on the top of the vehicles. A shed at the right of the building is partly collapsed. Two prints in folder.
#2 Demolition of Kneeland Hotel after 1949 earthquake
#3 Insurance Building, 1949
#4 Old Capitol Building, 1949
#5 Repairing the Legislative Building’s dome, 1949
#6 Repairing the Legislative Building’s cupola, 1949
#7 Washington Veneer after 1949 Olympia earthquake
#8 Downtown Olympia after 1949 earthquake
#9 Damage on Capitol Way after Olympia earthquake, 1949
#10 Capitol Way looking North, 1949
#11 Damage on Fifth Avenue after Olympia earthquake, 1949
#12 Damage to a store in downtown Olympia after earthquake, 1949
#13 Damage to Miller’s Department store after the Olympia earthquake, 1949
#14 Old Capitol building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949
#15 Capitol building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949
#16 Old Capitol building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949
#17 The Reed Building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949
#18 Union Pacific Railroad tracks in Olympia after 1949 earthquake
#19 Washington Veneer smokestack after the Olympia earthquake, 1949
#20 Martin Building damage after Olympia earthquake, 1949
#21 Martin Building, 1949
#22 Bill’s Place ice cream and hardware shop fronts showing earthquake damage, Olympia, April 1949
#23 Damage to cornice after an earthquake, Olympia, April 1949
#24 Damage to old State Capitol Building after an earthquake, Olympia, April 1949
#25 Damaged building canopy in downtown Olympia after an earthquake, April 1949
#26 Downtown street view showing fallen canopy and rubble in street after an earthquake, Olympia, April 1949
#27 Earthquake damage at Washington St. intersection near the Liberty Garage, Olympia, April 1949
#28 Earthquake damage to columns of Legislative Building, Washington State Capitol Group, Olympia, 1949
#29 Earthquake damaged Insurance Building, Olympia, April 1949
#30 Earthquake damaged old state capitol building, Olympia, April 1949
#31 Damage from the Olympia earthquake to building on campus, University of Washington, April 21, 1949
#32 Aftermath of 1949 earthquake in Olympia, 1949
#33 Aftermath of 1949 earthquake in Olympia, 1949
#34 Reed Building after the 1949 Olympia earthquake, 1949
#35 Washington Veneer after 1949 earthquake
#36 Damage to Veneer company after 1949 earthquake.
#37 Excavation near Capitol Campus, 1949
Photograph of an excavation site. In the foreground is the beginning of a hole or foundation. Behind is a backhoe loading dirt into a pickup truck. In the background are two residential structures, and behind them we can see the dome of the Legislative Building, Olympia, WA. The scaffolding leading to the top of the dome without its lantern places the date as around 1949, the year of the earthquake in Olympia. Otherwise the site is unidentified.
#38 Old State Capitol Building after 1949 earthquake
#39 Mottman Store after 1949 earthquake
#40 Old State Capitol building after 1949 earthquake
#41 Old State Capitol building after 1949 earthquake
#42 Reed Building after 1949 earthquake
#43 Old State Capitol building after 1949 earthquake
#44 Insurance Building after 1949 earthquake
#45 Damage after 1949 earthquake, back of Governor Hotel. 1949
#46 Damage to Morris Building after 1949 earthquake
#47 New Governor Hotel after 1949 earthquake.
#48 Insurance Building after 1949 Earthquake, 1949
#49 Repair of Old State Capitol Building after 1949 earthquake
#50 Demolition of Kneeland Hotel after 1949 earthquake.
The top floor has been removed, and workers are engaged in demolishing the third floor. Two workers are standing above the remaining top of the building. Timbers and other debris are stacked in the empty window frames. Windows have been removed. In the far distance we can see the dome of the Legislative building.
#51 Damage to Old State Capitol Building after 1949 earthquake.
We are looking at the north side of the building. Stone blocks from the top story have become dislodged and are lying on the ground. At the sidewalk is a sign for U.S. Army recruiting. A woman stands near the sign. Another sign is further along the sidewalk, and a man stands by it.