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1949 Olympia Earthquake: Historical Photos that Depict the Destruction Caused by the Earthquake

On April 13, 1949, an earthquake measuring 7.1 magnitudes occurred in Western Washington between Olympia and Tacoma in the early morning hours. It is the largest earthquake ever recorded in Washington’s Puget Sound region. At least eight people were killed and 64 injured, with a total damage estimate of $25 million. The earthquake damaged eight buildings on the State Capital campus and the Old Capitol Building in downtown Olympia. Two men were injured when a 23-ton cradle fell 500 feet from the Tacoma Narrows Bridge’s east tower. After the earthquake, geysers erupted along the railroad tracks in the Tacoma tidal flats and Puyallup.

The earthquake affected all of Washington state, northwest Oregon, and south along its coast to Cape Blanco, southwest British Columbia, the north Idaho panhandle, and even northwest Montana. The most damage occurred from Seattle to Chehalis, located approximately 80 miles south of Seattle. Chehalis’ business and residential buildings, including 1,351 chimneys, were damaged to the tune of forty percent. Approximately 10,000 chimneys in Western Washington need to be repaired. A large spit of land jutted into Puget Sound north of Olympia. The earthquake in Portland caused rockslides and cracks in building walls. The roofs collapsed, and merchandise fell off the shelves.

Below are some historical photos that depict the destruction caused by the 949 Olympia Earthquake.

#1 Washington Veneer after 1949 earthquake

Washington Veneer after 1949 earthquake

At the center of the image we can see a shed and the base of the brick smokestack. Two vehicles are parked in front of and at the side of the building. Rubble is strewn on the ground and on the top of the vehicles. A shed at the right of the building is partly collapsed. Two prints in folder.

#2 Demolition of Kneeland Hotel after 1949 earthquake

Demolition of Kneeland Hotel after 1949 earthquake

Only the bottom floor of the building remains and debris surrounds the building. There is a crane at the right.

#3 Insurance Building, 1949

Insurance Building, 1949

Slide of damage to the Capitol Campus's Insurance Building in the 1949 earthquake.

#4 Old Capitol Building, 1949

Old Capitol Building, 1949

Slide of damage to the Old Capitol Building in the 1949 earthquake. Also visible are repair men and a crain.

#5 Repairing the Legislative Building’s dome, 1949

Repairing the Legislative Building's dome, 1949

The damage the Legislative Building's dome suffered in the 1949 earthquake. Also visible are repair men and scaffolding.

#6 Repairing the Legislative Building’s cupola, 1949

Repairing the Legislative Building's cupola, 1949

The damage the Legislative Building's cupola suffered in the 1949 earthquake. Also visible are wooden braces and rope put in place during the repair process.

#7 Washington Veneer after 1949 Olympia earthquake

Washington Veneer after 1949 Olympia earthquake

A man working on a truck and a partially crushed car, as well as a partially collapsed shed. The Washington Veneer smokestack is behind the car.

#8 Downtown Olympia after 1949 earthquake

Downtown Olympia after 1949 earthquake

A crack in the Security Building from the corner of 4th Avenue and Washington Street. The Avalon Theatre is visible.

#9 Damage on Capitol Way after Olympia earthquake, 1949

Damage on Capitol Way after Olympia earthquake, 1949

Aarthquake damage to buildings, sidewalk and street on Capitol Way, looking north. Businesses include the New Governor Hotel, Better Home Finder Inc. Real Estate, and the Elks Lodge.

#10 Capitol Way looking North, 1949

Capitol Way looking North, 1949

Two boys look at rubble in front of the New Governor Hotel. Businesses visible include Coffee, furniture, and Buick.

#11 Damage on Fifth Avenue after Olympia earthquake, 1949

Damage on Fifth Avenue after Olympia earthquake, 1949

Earthquake damage from the corner of 5th Avenue and Washington Street in Olympia. A corner of the Martin Building is visible, as well as storefronts on 5th Avenue.

#12 Damage to a store in downtown Olympia after earthquake, 1949

Damage to a store in downtown Olympia after earthquake, 1949

Shattered glass in a grocer's storefront. A sign inside the store reads "For your complete satisfaction, you may select your own produce".

#13 Damage to Miller’s Department store after the Olympia earthquake, 1949

Damage to Miller's Department store after the Olympia earthquake, 1949

Damage to Miller's Department Store, which was located at the corner of Capitol and Legion Ways.

#14 Old Capitol building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949

Old Capitol building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949

The damage to the Old Capitol Building. Fallen stone is visible at an entrance.

#15 Capitol building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949

Capitol building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949

Chunks of stone missing from the exterior of the Old Capitol Building, and stone smashed on the ground below the building.

#16 Old Capitol building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949

Old Capitol building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949

Chunks of stone missing from the exterior of the Old Capitol Building. A State Patrol car is parked near the building.

#17 The Reed Building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949

The Reed Building after the Olympia earthquake, 1949

Damage to the Reed Building from the corner of Legion Way and Washington Street.

#18 Union Pacific Railroad tracks in Olympia after 1949 earthquake

Union Pacific Railroad tracks in Olympia after 1949 earthquake

Three men stand in the distance.

#19 Washington Veneer smokestack after the Olympia earthquake, 1949

#20 Martin Building damage after Olympia earthquake, 1949

Martin Building damage after Olympia earthquake, 1949

Damage to the exterior of the Martin Building, from the corner of 5th Avenue and Washington Street in Olympia. M.M. Morris shop is visible, as well as a Hotel Olympian sign.

#21 Martin Building, 1949

Martin Building, 1949

Damage to the exterior of the Martin Building, from Washington Street in Olympia. M.M. Morris shop is visible.

#22 Bill’s Place ice cream and hardware shop fronts showing earthquake damage, Olympia, April 1949

#23 Damage to cornice after an earthquake, Olympia, April 1949

#24 Damage to old State Capitol Building after an earthquake, Olympia, April 1949

#25 Damaged building canopy in downtown Olympia after an earthquake, April 1949

#26 Downtown street view showing fallen canopy and rubble in street after an earthquake, Olympia, April 1949

#27 Earthquake damage at Washington St. intersection near the Liberty Garage, Olympia, April 1949

#28 Earthquake damage to columns of Legislative Building, Washington State Capitol Group, Olympia, 1949

#29 Earthquake damaged Insurance Building, Olympia, April 1949

#30 Earthquake damaged old state capitol building, Olympia, April 1949

#31 Damage from the Olympia earthquake to building on campus, University of Washington, April 21, 1949

#32 Aftermath of 1949 earthquake in Olympia, 1949

Aftermath of 1949 earthquake in Olympia, 1949

The businesses shown are the New Governor Hotel, the Better Home Finder Inc. Real Estate, the Elks Lodge, and a furniture store. Awnings and rubble line the sidewalk and street edge. Groups of men stand on the sidewalk in the background.

#33 Aftermath of 1949 earthquake in Olympia, 1949

Aftermath of 1949 earthquake in Olympia, 1949

The businesses shown are the New Governor Hotel, the Better Home Finder Inc. Real Estate, the Elks Lodge, and a furniture store. Awnings and rubble line the sidewalk and street edge. Groups of men stand on the sidewalk in the background.

#34 Reed Building after the 1949 Olympia earthquake, 1949

Reed Building after the 1949 Olympia earthquake, 1949

Extensive damage has been done to the cornice. An awning over the first-floor windows reads Anna Blom Book Shop. A flatbed truck with a crane is parked inside a barricade. A man stands on the flatbed.

#35 Washington Veneer after 1949 earthquake

Washington Veneer after 1949 earthquake

At the right of the image, we can see a shed and the base of the brick smokestack. At the left of the image is a brick building. Two vehicles are parked in front of and at the side of the building. Rubble is strewn on the ground and on the top of the vehicles.

#36 Damage to Veneer company after 1949 earthquake.

Damage to Veneer company after 1949 earthquake.

There is an industrial building in the foreground. The top of the smokestack in the background has fallen, leaving only "...A [Olympia] Veneer Co" visible. Two men approach the building.

#37 Excavation near Capitol Campus, 1949

Excavation near Capitol Campus, 1949

Photograph of an excavation site. In the foreground is the beginning of a hole or foundation. Behind is a backhoe loading dirt into a pickup truck. In the background are two residential structures, and behind them we can see the dome of the Legislative Building, Olympia, WA. The scaffolding leading to the top of the dome without its lantern places the date as around 1949, the year of the earthquake in Olympia. Otherwise the site is unidentified.

#38 Old State Capitol Building after 1949 earthquake

Old State Capitol Building after 1949 earthquake

A piece is missing from the top of the building and rubble is lying on the sidewalk and ground.

#39 Mottman Store after 1949 earthquake

Mottman Store after 1949 earthquake

There are barricades around the building and piles of building materials in the street.

#40 Old State Capitol building after 1949 earthquake

Old State Capitol building after 1949 earthquake

We are looking down at the building. Between two round masonry towers, a piece of the front of the building has come loose, and we can see rubble and brick behind the loosened masonry. At ground floor beneath is a banner for the Navy Recruiting Office.

#42 Reed Building after 1949 earthquake

Reed Building after 1949 earthquake

A large piece of the top of the building has fallen, damaging the marquee.

#43 Old State Capitol building after 1949 earthquake

Old State Capitol building after 1949 earthquake

We are looking at a facade with the base of two towers on either side. In between the two towers, stone facing has come loose and we can see bricks behind it. A portion of the wall has entirely given way, and bricks are hanging on a ledge.

#44 Insurance Building after 1949 earthquake

Insurance Building after 1949 earthquake

We are looking at the east side of the building. The ground in front of it is strewn with rubble.

#45 Damage after 1949 earthquake, back of Governor Hotel. 1949

Damage after 1949 earthquake, back of Governor Hotel. 1949

We are looking into an alley, identified as the back of the Governor Hotel, in Olympia, WA, Thurston County. A truck fills up the alley. Debris has fallen onto the front of the truck.

#46 Damage to Morris Building after 1949 earthquake

Damage to Morris Building after 1949 earthquake

Sign and marquees have fallen and there is debris on the street. Many people are walking in the street and there are cars in the street. The Hotel Olympian building is in the background.

#47 New Governor Hotel after 1949 earthquake.

New Governor Hotel after 1949 earthquake.

Two boys are looking at rubble on the sidewalk next to the New Governor Hotel. Servicemen are standing in the street behind them. Three women are talking in front of the hotel.

#48 Insurance Building after 1949 Earthquake, 1949

Insurance Building after 1949 Earthquake, 1949

It is a long, three-story structure. Rubble from fallen decorative features is lying on the ground beneath it. The dome of the Legislative building is visible above it. In the foreground is a grassy lawn with several figures walking across it.

#49 Repair of Old State Capitol Building after 1949 earthquake

Repair of Old State Capitol Building after 1949 earthquake

The original roof and towers have been removed. There is scaffolding on the corners, and at the roofline. Ramps have been built to move building materials to upper levels. Board and bricks are stacked along the street, with a sign warning to keep out. Cars line the street.

#50 Demolition of Kneeland Hotel after 1949 earthquake.

Demolition of Kneeland Hotel after 1949 earthquake.

The top floor has been removed, and workers are engaged in demolishing the third floor. Two workers are standing above the remaining top of the building. Timbers and other debris are stacked in the empty window frames. Windows have been removed. In the far distance we can see the dome of the Legislative building.

#51 Damage to Old State Capitol Building after 1949 earthquake.

Damage to Old State Capitol Building after 1949 earthquake.

We are looking at the north side of the building. Stone blocks from the top story have become dislodged and are lying on the ground. At the sidewalk is a sign for U.S. Army recruiting. A woman stands near the sign. Another sign is further along the sidewalk, and a man stands by it.

Written by Aung Budhh

Husband + Father + librarian + Poet + Traveler + Proud Buddhist. I love you with the breath, the smiles and the tears of all my life.

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